Departments of plant science and agricultural engineering university of connecticut storrs, connecticut 06268. In vitro micropropagation of dendrobium crepidatum lindl. An improved micropropagation system, ex vitro rooting and. In vitro micropropagation of stevia rebaudiana bertoni in. Innovative techniques of micropropagation in vitro. Unit ii biotechnology and plants 172 lesson 7 plant tissue culture cell culture cultivating and maintaining single or multiple cells in vitro. Use of tissue culture for micropropagation was first initiated by g. Many articles can be recommended for the understanding of complex interactions involved in the regulation of tuberization. The main use has been that of mass production of plants ranging from nursery stock species such as rhododendron or rose, through ornamentals such as fuchsia or carnation to fruits such as apples or raspberries and vegetables and field crops such as cauliflower, potato.
Micropropagation is a rapid multiplication of a selected plant using in vitro culture techniques. The genetic integrity of the in vitro regenerated spine gourd plants. Plant tissue culture division, department of botany, st. It is done under sterile conditions in a laboratory using plant seed or tissue. Micropropagation, micromorphological studies, and in vitro. Sep 10, 2014 aseptic method of clonal propagation is called as micropropagation and it offer the advantage of large number of truetotype plantlets can be produced with relatively short time and space from a single individual. Jeong, silicon promotes adventitious shoot regeneration and enhances salinity tolerance of ajuga multiflora bunge by altering activity of antioxidant enzyme, the scientific world journal, vol. The present investigations were attempted to develop the rapid in vitro micropropagation protocol of moringa oleifera varietypkm1 from nodal sections of young, aseptically grown seedlings. Peter 4 1department of botany, providence womens college, calicut 673009, kerala, india 2 project coordinator, all india coordinated research project on spices, indian institute of.
In vitro propagation of an ornamental aquatic plant. The invitro multiplication often known as micropropagation or tissue culture is important for conservation of germplasm of different plants species that are threatened and are economically. Read this article to learn about the techniques, factors, applications and disadvantages of micro propagation process and also about production of diseasefree plants and its merits and demerits. Paden urbana, il rhododendron enthusiasts for many years have taken cuttings from plants, maintained their viability on a medium such as peat moss until a root system developed, and transferred the new plants to their gardens. In vitro flowering can be induced artificially by altering the concentration of plant growth regulators, different light qualities, photoperiods, and so forth 18. The largest mean of rooting was 84% after 6 weeks in new medium fig. Clonal in vitro propagation by repeated enhanced formation of axillary shoots from shoottips or lateral meristems cultured on media supplemented with plant growth regulators, usually cytokinins. Potato in vitro culture techniques and biotechnology. Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods micropropagation is used to multiply plants such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant breeding methods. Nov 22, 2015 micropropagation ib biology 2015 micropropagation ib biology 2015 skip navigation sign in. Written by two globally acknowledged experts in the field, the third edition of this definitive text on the micropropagation of orchids is a detailed and comprehensive collection of procedures and methods for multiplying orchids, including organ, tissue, and cell culture techniques in vitro and is intended for researchers in plant science and. Commercial application of micropropagation for avocado will undoubtedly boost the industry around the globe. Genetically reproducing plants in vitro can cause the plants to become less resistant to diseases and infections.
Micropropagation is a method to produce genetically identical plantlets by using tissue culture techniques. In vitro propagation of an ornamental aquatic plant, anubias. In vitro micropropagation of cassava through low cost tissue culture 1kwame o. Recent research revealed that chlorophyllous plantlets in vitro had high photosynthetic ability but that their net photosynthetic rates were restricted by the in vitro environmental conditions, mainly the low co 2 concentration. Innovative techniques of micropropagation in vitro propagation a census of some years ago estimeed in almost 25 millions the plants produced by micropropagation. Shoot amplification was achieved using subculturing of in vitro raised shoots on. By means of induced in vitro multiplication in micro propagation, it is possible to develop plants from meristem and shoot tip cultures and from bud cultures. Multiplication of genetically identical copies of a cultivar by asexual reproduction is called clonal propagation.
In vitro micropropagation of cassava through low cost tissue. In vitro culture of plants in a controlled, sterile environment. Micropropagation is the truetotype propagation of a selected genotype using in vitro culture techniques. In vitro micropropagation of banana 647 as regards yield performance, tissue cultured plants have been reported to produce 39% higher yield than plants from sword suckers pradeep et al. Lavanya and murugappan muthukumar and siddharth muthukrishnan and kumaresan and thiruppathi senthil kumar and abdul sohail rao and mandali venkateswara rao. Clonal propagation refers to the process of asexual reproduction by multiplication of genetically identical copies of individual plants, where the term clone is used to represent a plant population derived from a single individual by asexual reproduction.
In vitro propagation of potato solanum tuberosum l. The technique has been applied to a substantial number of commercial vegetatively propagated plant species. Micro propagation is used to multiply dignified plants such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant. Shoots multiplied in culture must be rooted in stage iii in order to create a new plantlet. Micropropagation plants horticulture and gardening. The process includes many stepsstock plant care, explant selection and sterilization, media manipulation to obtain proliferation, rooting, acclimation, and growing on of liners. In 1960, morel cultured shoot tips for obtaining virusfree cymbidium clones in vitro. An in vitro study on micropropagation of cymbidium orchids natarajan kannan department of biotechnology, manipal institute of technology, manipal576104, karnataka, india email.
In vitro micropropagation of dendrobium crepidatum lindl using fruit capsule 1sr. In vitro propagation, ex vitro rooting and leaf micromorphology of. An in vitro study on micropropagation of cymbidium orchids. Micropropagation is the technique of multiple production of plants in vitro. Tissue culture is the in vitro aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs or whole plant. Potential of micropropagation has been well demonstrated for wide variety of economically important plants. Micropropagation and growth of in vitro pineapple in iran 339. In 1949, rotor at cornell university demonstrated that plantlets could be induced by aseptic culturing of the dormant buds on the basal node of phalaenopsis inflorescence. In vitro micropropagation of yew taxus baccata and.
An improved micropropagation system, ex vitro rooting and validation of. Factors affecting in vitro propagation were evaluated for ceropegia attenuata hook. Pdf in vitro regeneration in olive olea europaea l. Nowadays, micropropagation is used as a process for a rapid in vitro multiplication of shoots selected as the elite strains from the field, before getting them back to grow in the field. M was found to be optimal in producing on maximum an average of 9. In this chapter various aspects of micropropagation have been discussed. Cells in cell culture are not organized into tissues. Nana petite sheeja george ea, aneykutty josephaand alphi korathb aschool of marine sciences, cochin university of science and technology, fine arts avenue, kochi682 016, kerala, india bschool of management and entrepreneurship, kerala university of fisheries and ocean. Now applied to several plants it is handy technique for rapid multiplication of plants. Micropropagation technology and application pdf this chapter summarizes the application of the most commonly used in vitro. View plant tissue culture and micropropagation research papers on academia. The symposium, the second of the series, aims to bring together scientists and students, as well as managers and technicians from commercial nurseries and micropropagation laboratories, around the problematics and recent acquisitions in the field of micropropagation and in vitro culture of horticultural plants. In the rooting stage, microcuttings are induced to form roots usually by application of auxin.
It is the fact that micropropagation is the only commercially viable method of clonal propagation of most of the horticultural crops. In vitro clonal propagation in vitro clonal propagation through tissue culture is referred to as micropropagation use of tissue culture in micropropagation was first strated by morel 1960 for propagation of orchids. Thornless blackberries were easily proliferated in vitro but rooted most readily in the greenhouse. In the root differentiation stage in vitro, structural changes take place in the leaves.
Pdf studies were carried out with the aim of evaluating in vitro the. Lewis knudson, 1922 1st in vitro embryo germination orchid ie the invention of in vitro embryo culture knudson, l, 1922 nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds, botanical gazette lxxiii. Jun 04, 2010 in vitro induced shoots were excised and rooted on half strength ms medium fortified with 0. Stacey john innes institute, colney lane, norwich nr4 7 uh accepted. Micropropagation is the asexual propagation of plants from growing tissue be it whole. The objective of micropropagation determines the nature of explant. Micropropagation is the rapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions of high light intensity, controlled temperature, and a defined nutrient medium. After successful hardening in greenhouse, ex vitro rooted plants. Axillary branching using axillary bud and stem node, as in other plants, is the majority common explant type utilized for direct shoot propagation of dieffenbachia. Successfully been grown and conserved by micropropagation because of. Micropropagation begins with the selection of plant material to be propagated.
The in vivo clonal propagation is often difficult, expensive and even unsuccessful. Pdf an efficient and reproducible protocol for plantlet regeneration from nodal segments of olive cv frontio has been. Account of tissue culture studies on gladiolus is dealt with. Gladiolus is a potential cut flower grown throughout the world for its elegant attractive. Rapid in vitro regeneration method for moringa oleifera. The prodigious advantages of in vitro aseptic technique of clonal propagation i. The seedlings with four nodes have beendivided into 0. Morel 1960 also realized the potential of this method for rapid propagation of these plants. Gavino rotor, 1949 1st in vitro vegetative propagation. Knudson, l, 1922 nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds, botanical gazette lxxiii. Pdf an efficient and rapid regeneration protocol for. Four types of explants prepared from green mature zygotic embryos were cultured on murashige and skoog ms medium augmented with 15 mgl 6benzyladenine ba. In general, species root easier in tissue culture than. Clean stock materials that are free of viruses and fungi are important in the production of the healthiest plants.
An efficient clonal propagation protocol has been established from seedling explants of carum copticum. Josephs postgraduate studies and research centre langford road, bangalore560 027. Mburugu, 1maina mwangi, 2omwoyo ombori and 3michael ngugi 1department of agricultural science and technology, 2department of plant and microbial sciences, kenyatta university, p. Pdf in vitro micropropagation of simarouba glauca dc. Invitro proliferation of musa balbisiana improves with increased. Chapter2 micropropagation and large scale culture of c. Techniques involving the germination of orchid seeds under in vitro. Biotechnology for micropropagation and enhancing variations. The in vitro approach enables early flowering in the plants and could help in understanding the suitable sites of tissues for the flower induction. History of plant tissue culture propagation at cornell. Using micropropagation, millions of new plants can be derived from a single plant. Micropropagationomicsgroupjournal of biotechnology and. In vitro propagation of honey plant stevia rebaudianabertoni the in vitro clonal propagation of stevia rebaudiana was conducted by inoculatingseeds on ms medium and placing under photoperiod of 16 hrs light and 8hrs dark in growth room.
It is used for plants that do not produce seeds or respond. Multiplication in vitro du noisetier corylus avellana l. Micropropagation of gladiolus pdf in vitro propagation of gladiolus anatolicus. Micropropagation definition of micropropagation by the free. Micropropagation stages, types, applications, advantages. In vitro propagation of an ornamental aquatic plant, anubias barterii var. Micropropagation offers the potential to produce thousands or even millions of plants per annum. Micropropagation is the art and science of plant multiplication in vitro. In vitro micropropagation of enicostema axillare sonali d. Application of tissue culture techniques for genetic up gradation of economically important plants has been reported. Plants can be propagated by sexual through generation of seeds or asexual through multiplication of vegetative parts means. Natural propagation of aloe vera is primarily by means of axillary shoots and it is rather a slow way of multiplication to meet the growing demand and the presence of male sterility is also a barrier in rapid propagation 3. Peter 4 1department of botany, providence womens college, calicut 673009, kerala, india 2 project coordinator, all india coordinated research. The resulting plants were vigorous, uniform, and capable of fruiting within 1 year from micropropagation.
Pdf micropropagation is an alternative mean of propagation that can be employed in mass multiplication of plants in relatively shorter time. Under bangladesh conditions, tissue culture derived plantlets of banana performed better than the conventional sword suckers faisal et al. In vitro genetic selection for woody plant improvement. Lewis knudson, 1922 1st in vitro embryo germination orchid ie the invention of in vitro embryo culture. Plant tissue culture and micropropagation research papers. Micropropagation techniques are being used by an increasing number of research workers and commercial firms. Michael kane environmental horticulture department university of florida rapid clonal in vitro propagation of plants from cells, tissues or organs cultured aseptically on defined media contained in culture vessels maintained under controlled conditions of light and temperature micropropagation in vitro propagation.
Micropropagation plants can be propagated by sexual through generation of seeds or asexual through multiplication of vegetative parts means. Micropropagation of orchids micropropagation is the process used to replicate plants such as orchids, the word micropropagation means simply propagation in miniature. Methods of micropropagation micro propagation is the practice of quickly multiplying stock plant material to produce a large number of progeny plants, using contemporary plant tissue culture methods. Apical meristem is a dome of tissue located at the extreme tip of a shoot. Rapid shoot multiplication from nodal explants was established using. Micropropagation also can be used to establish and maintain virusfree plant stock. Tissue culture method offers an alternative way of clonal propagation which is popularly known as micropropagation. This contribution of morel not only revolutionized the orchid industry, but also gave impetus to the utilization of shootbud culture for rapid cloning of other plant species.
Definition of micropropagation clonal propagation in vitro micropropagation is the production of whole plant from small section of plant such as a stem tip, node, meristem, embryo, or even a seed. Pdf micropropagation and in vitro flowering of endemic. In vitro propagation of citrus megaloxycarpa adhikarimayum haripyaree1, kshetrimayum guneshwor1, huidrom sunitibala2, maibam damayanti1 1department of life sciences, manipur university, imphal, 795003, india 2institute of bioresources and sustainable development, takyelpat, manipur, india corresponding author, email. Under bangladesh conditions, tissue culture derived plantlets of banana. Cucurbitaceae, ex vitro rooting, genetic homogeneity. Pdf in vitro culture and plant regeneration of sesbania grandiflora.
Dieffenbachia was in vitro propagated by direct or indirect organogenesis using various explants. This report describes in vitro micropropagation of boscia senegalensis, socalled famine foods, that helped the people in darfur and kordofan, sudan survive during the 19841985 famine. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 324724 bytes article sharing repository deposits questions. Micropropagation technology and application pdf download.
This rapid multiplication allows breeders and growers to introduce new cultivars much earlier than they could by using conventional propagation techniques, such as cuttings. An efficient protocol for rapid in vitro clonal propagation of spine gourd momordica dioica roxb. Generally in vitro tissue culture or micropropagation is defined as the culture of different somatic cells, tissues or organs of plants under controlled in vitro conditions with the aim of producing a large number of progeny plants, which are genetically identical to the stock plant, in a relatively short time compared to conventional propagation. Establishment of an in vitro micropropagation protocol for. Farahani developing plantlets were 3 to 5 cm high within 20 to 25 days, they then rooted on a growth regulator free ms medium. With orchids it is the only way to reproduce the plants as. Micropropagation, or in vitro culture appears to be the best method to. Biotechnology for micropropagation and enhancing variations in vanilla minoo divakaran 1, k. Shoots produced are either rooted first in vitro or rooted and acclimatized ex vitro shoot culture cytokininenhanced outgrowth of lateral meristems. Originally published in the proceedings of the international plant propagators society, vol. The propagation of selected plant through micropropagation would be useful for raising plantation using apical and nodal segment. The plant tissues are removed from an intact plant in a sterile condition. The cultivation and growing of orchids and other plants in vitro is an extremely important asset to the.